Endocrine Abstracts

There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes, with the first two types making about 99% of cases.According to its nature, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered as a typical autoimmune disorder characterized with specific autoantibodies. Immunological markers of the diabetes mellitus onset can be found not only in T1DM with its specific clinical picture, ...

Background: Insulin gene (INS) is known to be responsible for production of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells. It includes variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of oligonucleotide consequence (ACAGGGGT (G/C) (T/C) GGGG) in the promoter region (Bell et al, 1981,1982); being the gene involved in the susceptibility to various pathologies. The allele-specific PCR allows direct diagnosis of some genetically determined disorders is rather simple and precise. However, by toda...

Background: In Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) addition to insulin resistance, glycemic control and blood plasma lipid levels existing other mechanisms were proposed. We investigated plasma insulin level in patients according to severity of diabetic neuropathy.Materials and methods: In 32 people with DM2 glycemia, HbA1c, blood plasma insulin, blood total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLP) levels were m...

The fat tissue inflammation and insulin resistance formation are common in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was found to be a key one in onset and progression of insulin resistance, blocking the insulin signaling pathway and hampering the gene expression of GLUT4, the intracellular insulin-regulated glucose transporter in body tissues. Rise in the TNF-α concentration in blood serum is b...

Obesity of varying severities can be seen in the vast majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Oxidative stress is considered as a key pathogenetic link in the formation of metabolic disorders in obesity. The work was initiated to assess intensity of oxidative stress in obese patients with DM2.Materials and methodsThe patients were divided into 3 groups. Patients with DM2 and BMI > 30 kg/m2 were incl...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a most significant medical-social worldwide problem. Absence of reliable screening program for identification of persons with the higher risk of DM dictates a necessity of sensitive tests of early DM diagnosis. Following genealogical analysis, two experimental groups were formed; patients with type 1 DM with the familial burden (probands) and those at risk (siblings) were included into the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Apparently healthy subjects ...